Aave Faces $6 Billion Deposit Exodus After Kelp Hack Exposes DeFi Lender's Structural Vulnerability

Aave has witnessed a massive exodus of $6.6 billion in deposits, but it's not due to a direct hack on the platform. The total value locked in the protocol plummeted from $26.4 billion on April 18 to approximately $20 billion by Sunday morning, according to DefiLlama. The AAVE token price fell 16% to $92, while daily fees surged to $1.99 million as liquidations swept through the weekend. Depositors are fleeing because Aave is shouldering a burden it didn't create. When attackers siphoned off 116,500 rsETH from Kelp's bridge on Saturday, they used the stolen tokens as collateral on Aave V3 to borrow wrapped ether. On-chain trackers estimate the Aave-specific borrow to be around $196 million, with total positions across Aave, Compound, and Euler totaling approximately $236 million. Aave, the largest lending protocol in DeFi, allows users to deposit crypto to earn yield, while others borrow against collateral. Kelp, a liquid restaking protocol, takes already-staked ether on Ethereum and routes it through a separate yield-generating system called EigenLayer, issuing a receipt token, rsETH, in exchange. That rsETH is what users trade and, crucially, what some users posted on Aave as collateral to borrow against. On Saturday, attackers tricked Kelp's cross-chain bridge into releasing 116,500 rsETH, worth about $292 million, to a controlled address. They then deposited the stolen rsETH onto Aave V3 as collateral and borrowed wrapped ether against it. A bridge is a blockchain-based tool that transfers tokens between networks that may not originally support them. Initially, Aave stated that the Umbrella reserve would cover any deficit, but by Saturday afternoon, the language had softened to exploring paths to offset the deficit. The concentration of loans on Ethereum explains why the damage is significant. Aave's loan book spans 22 chains, but Ethereum alone holds $14.24 billion of the $17.82 billion in outstanding borrows, with WETH accounting for 39.49% of all loans on the protocol. The attack targeted the exact collateral-to-WETH pair that dominates Aave's book. Stani Kulechov, Aave's founder, stated that the exploit was external and the protocol's contracts were not compromised. However, Aave accepted a liquid restaking token as collateral, and that token's backing vanished on a bridge Aave does not control, leaving depositors vulnerable to losses. Liquid restaking tokens were whitelisted across every major lending protocol because they carried yield and represented a growing share of Ethereum's locked value. Risk models priced them as if they would hold peg under normal conditions, but none of them accounted for a scenario where the collateral goes to zero because a bridge on a chain Aave does not control got exploited. The token price is now attempting to gauge whether the Umbrella reserve is sufficient to cover the hole and whether stkAAVE holders who back that reserve will absorb the loss.